Risk Evaluation and Management in Heart Failure

Inclusion Criteria:

* aged 18 and above
* inpatient with one of the following clinical situations:

  * congestive heart failure (pulmonary edema,pulmonary congestion or peripheral edema)
  * cardiogenic shock
  * Insufficient high output cardiac
* with impaired cardiac function diagnosed by echocardiography
* able to provide informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* expressed refusal to participate in the baseline investigation or follow-up visits Severe co-morbidity associated with a reduction in life expectancy of less than 12 months