The purpose of this international, multi-centre observational study is to describe perioperative cognitive changes (pre-existing neurocognitive disorder \[NCD\], postoperative delirium \[POD\] and Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction \[POCD\]) up to five years after elective surgery in a mixed cohort. Measurements and definitions of cognitive outcomes will be based on current consensus and used for further harmonization in future clinical studies on perioperative cognitive trajectories. This is a feasibility approach to identify an effective screening procedure and estimate loss to follow up rates for the planning of future intervention studies. Data from this trial may also serve to facilitate and implement time effective cognitive screening and risk stratification concerning postoperative cognitive decline in the anaesthesiological preoperative assessment.
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Inclusion Criteria: * Surgical patients at Campus Virchow- Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte * Aged ≥ 70 years * Informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Manifest dementia * Lack of willingness to store and disseminate pseudonymized disease data as part of the clinical trial * Lack of readiness to participate in the follow-up examinations and contact to make an appointment * Placement in an institute under judicial or official orders (according to German drug Law §40 (1) 4) * Persons without a permanent residence or other circumstances that call into question the availability by telephone or post for postoperative examination * Employees of the respective study centers * illiteracy * Patients with a neuropsychiatric condition that limits the performance of neurocognitive testing * Patients with hearing and / or vision problems that limit the performance of neuro-cognitive testing * Simultaneous participation in a prospective clinical intervention study (apart from the desired parallel participation in the anaesthesiological study Praep-Go, EA1/225/19)