Early mobilization is considered as an important strategy to enhance postoperative recovery. However, direct association between very early mobilization and improved recovery needs randomized control trials to prove. This study proposes the program of walking out from operating room (WOFOR) after surgery, which means that encouraging patients to walk out from the operating room and return to the ward by walking under the condition of painlessness, clear consciousness and normal muscle strength of lower limb. The aim of this randomized controlled trial is to investigate the effect of WOFOR on the postoperative recovery of patients undergoing laparoscopic total and partial nephrectomy.
Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age 18-65 Years old 2. scheduled for laparoscopic partial nephrectomy or laparoscopic total nephrectomy. 3. ASA grade I or grade II Exclusion Criteria: 1. Patients have severe cardiac diseases (cardiac function grading greater than grade 3/arrhythmia including sick sinus syndrome, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, atrioventricular block, frequent ventricular premature, multiple ventricular premature, ventricular premature R on T, ventricular fibrillation and ventricular flutter/acute coronary syndrome) or respiratory failure or hepatic failure or renal failure; 2. body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 3. Patients have diabetics or patients with gastric emptying disorders; 4. Patients with poor blood pressure control (receive regular antihypertensive medical treatment but still have systolic blood pressure \> 150 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure \> 90 mmHg ); 5. Patients have schizophrenia, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, mental retardation, or hearing impairment. 6. Patients have thrombosis such as in lower extremity or in vena cava or in renal vein or in other veins. 7. Patients have neuromuscular disorders affecting lower limb activity, such as myasthenia gravis and cerebral infarction, which cause lower limb muscle weakness; 8. Patients have contraindications for epidural puncture. 9. Patients participate in other clinical trials. 10. Patients refuse to sign informed consent for research.